Ekwakhekeni kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, okubalulekile kwezikulufu kuhlobene nezinto ezidingwa umkhiqizo, njengobukhulu bamandla, kanye nensimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ngaphandle kwepulasitiki, kanye nezikulufu ze-carbon steel zisetshenziswa ngaphakathi.Indlela yokukhetha insimbi engagqwali?
1: Ngokwemibandela ye-layman, izikulufu ze-carbon steel azinayo insimbi enezici zengxubevange engezwe ngamabomu, futhi izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ziyinsimbi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alloy okwengezwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala.
2: Izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali zibiza kakhulu kunezikulufu ze-carbon steel.
3: Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezikulufi zihlukile, ngakho azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa.Izikulufu zensimbi ye-carbon zivame ukuba namandla kunezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali, kodwa kulula ukugqwala.
Izinto zokusebenzisa izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali nezikulufu ze-carbon steel zihlukile, futhi indawo yokusetshenziswa nayo ihlukile.Insimbi yekhabhoni inokumelana nokugqwala okungekuhle, futhi amabhawodi azogqwala aze afe ngemva kwesikhathi eside.Izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali zingcono uma kuqhathaniswa.
Isikulufu sensimbi engagqwali
Izinto zezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali nezikulufu ze-carbon steel zihlukile, futhi izindawo ezisetshenziswa kuzo nazo zihlukile.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-carbon steel kubi kakhulu, futhi amabhawodi azogqwala aze afe ngemva kwesikhathi eside.Amabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali angcono uma kuqhathaniswa.Nazi ezinye izinto zokwakha amabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali:
Ukuhlukaniswa okubalulekile kwezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali
Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali zihlukaniswa ngensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nemvula eqinisa insimbi engagqwali.Ukukhethwa kwezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali nakho kuwumgomo.Kusuka kusiphi isici, kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ozidingayo.
Ngemva kokucatshangelwa okuphelele nokubanzi kwalezi zici ezinhlanu, ibanga, ukuhlukahluka, ukucaciswa kanye nezinga lempahla yezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ekugcineni kunqunywa.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Ferritic
Thayipha insimbi ye-chromium engu-430 evamile inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono nokumelana nokushisa kunohlobo 410, futhi inozibuthe, kodwa ayikwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa.Ifanele insimbi engagqwali enokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kancane nokumelana nokushisa kanye nezidingo zamandla ajwayelekile.isikulufu.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic
Thayipha i-410 kanye no-Type 416 ingaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, ngobulukhuni be-35-45HRC kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini.Ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa nezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ezingagqwali ngezinjongo ezijwayelekile.Uhlobo 416 lunokuqukethwe kwesibabule okuphezulu kancane futhi iyinsimbi engagqwali okusika kalula.
Thayipha i-420, okuqukethwe kwesibabule ?U-R0.15%, izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini, zingaqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, inani eliphezulu lobulukhuni elingu-53 ~ 58HRC, elisetshenziselwa izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ezidinga amandla aphezulu.
Isikulufu sensimbi engagqwali
Insimbi Engagqwali Eqinile Eqinile
17-4PH, PH15-7Mo, angathola amandla aphezulu kunensimbi engagqwali engu-18-8 evamile, ngakho asetshenziselwa izikulufu zensimbi engenasici eziqinile, ezingagqwali.
I-A-286, insimbi engagqwali engajwayelekile, inokumelana nokugqwala okuphakeme kunezinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali engu-18-8 evame ukusetshenziswa, kanye nemishini emihle emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.Isetshenziswa njengezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali eziqinile, ezimelana nokushisa nezingagqwali, ezingasetshenziswa kufika ku-650-700 °C.
Isikulufu sensimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic
Amabanga asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-302, 303, 304, kanye ne-305, okungamabanga amane abizwa ngokuthi "18-8" austenitic stainless steel.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala, noma izakhiwo zayo zemishini ziyefana.Isiqalo sokukhethwa kuyindlela yenqubo yokukhiqiza yezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali, futhi indlela incike kusayizi nokuma kwezikulufu zensimbi engagqwali, futhi incike nenani lokukhiqiza.
Uhlobo 302 lusetshenziselwa izikulufu ezenziwe ngomshini namabhawodi azithinta wona.
Thayipha i-303 Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokusika, inani elincane lesulfure lengezwa ku-Type 303 yensimbi engagqwali, esetshenziselwa ukucubungula amantongomane esitokisini sebha.
Uhlobo 304 lufanele ukucubungula izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ngenqubo yesihloko esishisayo, njengamabhawudi esicaciso amade namabhawodi amakhulu obubanzi, angase eqe ububanzi benqubo yesihloko esibandayo.
Uhlobo 305 lufanele ukucubungula izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ngenqubo yesihloko esibandayo, njengamantongomane akhiwe abandayo namabhawodi anezinhlangothi ezine.
Uhlobo 309 no-Type 310 lunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Cr ne-Ni kune-Type 18-8 yensimbi engagqwali, futhi zifanele izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali ezisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Izinhlobo ezingama-316 nezingu-317, zombili ziqukethe i-alloying element Mo, ngakho-ke amandla azo okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuphakeme kunensimbi engagqwali engu-18-8.
Uhlobo 321 kanye Nohlobo 347, Uhlobo 321 luqukethe i-Ti, i-alloying element ezinzile, futhi Uhlobo 347 luqukethe i-Nb, ethuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kwento.Ilungele izingxenye ezijwayelekile zensimbi engagqwali ezingafakwa ngemuva kokushisela noma ezisebenza ku-420-1013 °C.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-18-2023